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What is domain locking?

Domain locking is the process of providing an additional layer of security to domain names in order to prevent unauthorized activities. This is a procedure which will prevent another person from tampering with and modifying the information in your domain. Domain locking rules out the possibility of accidental transfers, and thereby offers you a higher degree of protection. Once your domain is locked, your name servers cannot be misdirected. As a security measurement to prevent unauthorized transfers, top-level domain registries will provide an authorization code or EPP (Extensible Provisioning Protocol) to registry holders.

Domain locking is an effective solution for ensuring the security and integrity of domain names and address allocating systems. It was suggested to ICANN (Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers) by the SSAC (Security and Stability Advisory Committee).

Domain hijacking and slamming are the major security risks faced by a domain owner. Domain hijacking means that an unauthorized user captures the control of the domain name from the rightful holder; this is most commonly observed issue in the domain business industry. Domain hijacking is most commonly carried out by resellers (service providers). Domain hijackers focus mainly on making money. Domain locking is the most efficient method to overcome such fraud, misrepresentation, and impersonation of domain names. Domain locking is automatically provided by some registrars. On request, you can take advantage of domain locking features from registrars or official registries if they permit domain locking.

Registrar-lock and registry-lock are available. If you choose to put a registrar-lock on your domain name, certain processes cannot be carried out. For example, registrar to registrar transfer is not possible, your contact details and name servers cannot be modified or changed, and you cannot transfer the domain name account to another customer. Some top-level domain names do not support locking. For example: .eu and .uk domains do not provide locking facilities. Once locked domain names can be unlocked as per request. If a registry-lock is set up, then you are prohibited from modification, transferring and deletion by the domain name registry. It is still possible to renew domain name even if the register-lock is active. If sponsoring organization removes the lock then a domain name on registrar-lock can be modified or transferred.

What is an active status code?

What is meant by the active status code? The active status code for a domain is set by the registry. A domain name status code is a code assigned to every domain name in order to signify its technical information. A domain name status code is shown in the WHOIS server. Besides the active status code, the other status codes that can be set are registry-lock, registry-hold, registrar-lock, registrar-hold, pending restore, redemption period and pending delete.

A domain name with active status code will not be available for new registration. It is the normal or default status code at the domain registration time. To be more specific, a domain name is said to be active when it has been assigned to a minimum of one name server, and can be included in the concerned root zone file. The domain active status code is applicable to those domains that end in .com, .net, .org and .info.

To designate an active status to a domain name, it takes only 1 hour to 2 hours. At the time of a new registration, all Internet providers need to update their DNS database to include the new site's location. A domain name can be activated up to a period of 10 ten years depending on the duration of the registration. In most cases, in order to activate a domain, registrants are required to provide a credit card number or other similar assurance of payment.

A domain name can hold only one status code at one time. If it is in active status, it can be only in that status. When a domain name status changes to register-lock status code, the active status code is automatically removed. Domain names with active status code can be used for web sites, e-mail, or for registering name servers. Moreover, these can be modified, renewed and transferred. In case an active domain needs modification, it would take more time than registration. When a domain is in active status code, it means that the domain name can be transferred from one registrar to another only after completing at least 60 days with your current registrar.

What is a registry lock?

Registry lock is an effective and preventive step that helps to increase the security of your domains. Are your domain names really safe? A number of common mistakes might occur, which can result in the permanent loss of your domain names. The security of domain name registrations is therefore an increasing concern for both domain name registrants and registrars. Owners of multiple domain names are particularly at risk.

The registry-lock is one of the terms included in the protocol between the registry and the registrar. A registry lock is a status which is set by the official registry of a domain name for its security. Certain country code top level domains and the .com and .net domains employ these status codes. Status codes have many uses. They can be applied to find why your domain isn't working and whether it is locked to prevent unauthorized domain transfers. Status codes are also used to suggest the possibility of a domain being dropped. The registry lock will lock your domain name or record at the registry level and prevent it from being transferred, deleted or modified by any third party. However, the domain can be renewed during the period of registry lock. In the status of registry lock, the domain will be included in the zone, provided it is assigned to at least one name server. Registry lock is a situation that is not very common, but may be imposed when there are domain name disputes or during Redemption period.

When the registry lock is not activated, a registrar can freely modify or delete a domain. This means that the registry-lock gives added security to the domain names. The official registry must remove the registry lock status for the registrar to be able to modify the domain. If a domain name is in a registry lock status, the process of server transferring, server deleting and server updating are prohibited.

Registrars themselves sometimes put locks on domain names as an additional security to avoid unauthorized transfer of domains away from their systems. More often this feature is enabled by default.

What is registrar lock?

Registrar locks are the status codes by which you can safeguard internet domain names. The sponsoring registrar sets the status code in order to avoid unnecessary or unwanted changes affecting domains. All the information in the domain records are blocked from being accessed. If a registrar lock is set to the domain name, modification or deletion of the domain name is prohibited. Only if the domain is unlocked, can changes take place and be updated in the registry records. After submitting the changes, the registrar lock is enabled again. Renewal of domain name is possible, even if the registrar lock is set.

The domain registry will provide you the registrar lock and auto-renewal features at the time of your domain name registration. The domain registrar locking feature is to be set to each domain name separately. Single or multiple status codes are permissible for each domain record. The auto renewal feature will renew your domain names automatically before the expiration date. The domain names can be renewed for a two year period. If you do not want the locking facility, you can log in to the master account and turn it off.

Each domain using the registrar status code varies by the type of protocol used. Two kinds of protocol status codes are available, which include the Registry Registrar Protocol (RRP) status codes and Extensible Provisioning Protocol (EPP) status codes. The largest registries such as .com and .net and many other country code top level domain names use the Registry Registrar Protocol status codes. The Extensible Provisioning Protocol that offers multiple domain status values are more often used by the .org, .biz, .info and .name registries.

The high secure registrar locking function permitted to your domain name forbids unauthorized name server changes or cancellations and also prevents any third party from accessing, transferring or hijacking your domain for their own use.

What is a registry hold?

Your domain is said to be in registry hold when it is not available for use. You cannot transfer or modify the domain name during this period. Registry hold actually prevents the names from appearing in the root zone file. Registry hold is one of the eight different status values in the Registry Registrar Protocol (RRP). The .net and .com registries and some top level domains of countries use these codes.

Normally, after the expiration of the registration, the domain name will be kept in the registry hold state. After the time of expiration the registrant can renew the registration by paying the renewal fees and an extra service fee. Otherwise the deleted domain will be kept for a redemption period. If the domain is not restored within that period, then the registrar will keep that domain name in registry hold for some days and it is then made available for re-registration. If the name is entered in the scheduled for release status then no action can be taken to restore the domain name.

The domain name may also be put in registry hold in case of disputes. If the top level domain administrator receives any challenge, then also the domain name will be kept in registry hold. While the domain name is in the registry hold, the registrant cannot change any of the contact information for that domain name. Neither can he transfer that domain name to any other party.

The names which are in the process of deletion will be found in the registry hold in a special state of the "delete pending" process. After five days (the period of registry hold or delete pending) these domain names cannot be recovered by either the registrant or the registrar. They will be released only if a satisfactory plan is made to return them to the section of available names where all the registrars have the right to access them.

In case any special interest has been placed on a particular domain name, then there is at least a chance to recover the domain name. Otherwise you may get a chance to re-register your domain name once it becomes available. In the registry hold state, home page application and e-mail application are impossible.

What is registrar hold?

Every domain name is required to hold at least one status code. Registrar-Hold is one among the eight status codes associated with domain names in the Registry Registrar Protocol (RRP). This status value is mainly utilized by the two dominant domains .com and .net, and also by some country code top level domains (ccTLD).

Registrar-Hold is a status code for expiring domains. The state of Registrar Hold is given by the sponsoring registrar. When a domain name is assigned for an individual, it should be renewed prior to its expiration date. Registrars may sometimes fail to contact registrants at the time when renewal is due. When a registrant fails to implement the renewal for his domain name registration, or when the registrars are not paid for the past or current registration period, the registrars keep the domain name under the status of Registrar-Hold. The domain name may be put in this status code also in the event of legal disputes.

When it shows the Registrar-Hold status, the domain name will be locked or de-activated by registrars. For this reason, registrants are not allowed to make any modifications or deletions. Only after the status of Registrar-Hold is removed, the registrants are entitled to make any modifications or deletion of the registration data. Even if it shows the Registrar-Hold status, registrants may make renewal, but the name will not be included in the zone file. When the name is in the Registrar-Hold status, registrants are not permitted to transfer that domain name to another registrar.

Normally, the domain name is kept in the Registrar Hold status for a period of 40 calendar days. The days can vary depending upon the registrar selected by the registrant. Under some rare conditions, the domain will not be put into Registrar-Hold status by the sponsoring registrar and will be deleted 1 to 5 days from the date of expiration.

If your domain name is de-activated or locked by the registrar, immediately contact your preferred registrars to retrieve the domain. By doing an intensive search on the Internet, you will be able to access more information about the Registrar-Hold status, expirations, and fees.

What is a redemption period?

Redemption period is the period during which a deleted domain may be reclaimed by the original owner by paying an additional fee. It refers to the period of 30 days from the date of deletion of the domain name. When a domain name expires without being renewed, it is deleted within a period of 45 days. The domain names which fall in the redemption period are put on hold by the registrar. Once this happens, the website and email services will stop working for a period of 30 days before the domain is included in the list of domains available for registration.

The registry will charge an amount as redemption fee to redeem a domain name. During this period the domain status may be displayed as "Redemption Period" or "Pending Delete-Restorable." The redemption period is actually the last option for the registrant to recover the domain name. The ICANN requires that the registries implement this facility so that the domain name holders might redeem a deleted name.

After the deletion of domain name, if the registrar does not request the name to be in registration grace period, then it enters the redemption hold period. After that the name will be available for re-registration. Once the domain name enters the redemption hold period then the registrar won't be able to renew the domain. If a domain name is in redemption hold period then its status will be "Pending Delete-Scheduled for Release". So it is strongly recommended to renew your domain name before it enters the redemption period otherwise the zone files get automatically deleted from the DNS.

If the registrar wants to restore a name then a special restore report must be sent with the background documentation and the reason for restoration within five days of request.

The deletion of a domain name may also arise due to registrant mistake, inadvertence, registrar mistake or by domain name hijacking. The redemption period allows the registrants to recover their domain names before deletion.

What is pending restore?

Pending restore is the best solution for getting get back your expired domain name. Domain names are associated with eight statuses and pending restore status is one among them in the Registry-Registrar Protocol (RRP). Pending restore facility is set up by the registry.

A domain name which is unintentionally deleted by a registrant or the registrar due to the expiration of the renewal period is forwarded to the redemption period status. A registrar can request the restoration of a domain name which is in redemption period status within thirty calendar days. As per the request of the registrar, the domain name which is in redemption period will be placed in the pending restore. Pending restore is the one and only option for the former registrant to get back the previously registered name for a fee.

Domain names in the pending restore period will be displayed in the zone file. It is not possible to modify or update a domain name which is held in the pending restore status. The domain name will be active only if the registrar provides relevant restoration documentation to the registry within the prescribed time. For holding the domain in the pending restore status, the time period set up by the registry is seven calendar days. In any case, if the registrar fails to submit restoration documentation within the time frame, the domain name is sent back to redemption period status. As the time frame of the redemption period expires (within thirty calendar days), it is forwarded to pending delete status and remains in this status for a period of five days. After five days it will be available for re-registration.

Thinking how to retrieve the expired domains? First check the status of the expired domain name which is available at the WHOIS database. If the name is available in the redemption grace period (RGP), then contact your sponsoring registrar. Only the registrar can request for restore option. Also specify the reasons for restoring the expired domain names. The registrant must pay pending restore fee plus one year renewal fee to the registrar.

What is pending delete?

Pending Delete is a status set by the WHO IS server for a domain name that has not been renewed. Domain names which expire normally get deleted. The registry will hold the name in the pending delete phase for some days. In the pending delete restorable state it is possible to recover the domain name within 30 days. The name can be recovered only by the original listed owner of the domain name in the WHO IS server. If the owner of the domain does not pay the restoration fee, then the registrar will drop the domain and it will be in the pending delete state for exactly 5 days.

If the registrar does not request the domain name to be in redemption grace period then the name automatically enters the redemption hold period where the status will be set to Pending Delete-Scheduled for Release. At this stage you cannot recover, modify or delete the domain name. It will soon be available for re-registration and so there is at least a chance of recovery during the pending delete-scheduled for release time. It is therefore strongly recommended to renew the domain name within the time limit.

Transfer requests are no longer permitted during the pending delete phase. During this stage the domain names will be removed from the Domain Name Server (DNS). However they will be available in the WHO IS with the date of deletion in the Last Updated Date Field. So a total of 35 days will be allowed for redemption period where the first 30 days will be in the pending delete-restorable stage and the remaining 5 days in the pending delete-scheduled for release stage. The registrar can use either the restore screen in the web-administrative site or the renew command with the redemption grace period extension. This will help in the termination of pending delete status and the registered name will be returned to the same status it had before the pending delete period.

During the pending delete restorable phase your domain name will be removed from the zone file. You cannot use the Internet services, including the e-mail facilities. However it will be available in the registry database. The renewal process during the pending delete phase (Restorable state) is costly and time consuming. It may take about 24 to 48 hours for the complete recovery of the domain name when it is in the pending delete phase.